Scientific Source #137 – Book

“Fertilization, then, has taken place. A baby has been conceived.” 137 137 Mary Calderone, M.D. quoted by Magda Denes in Hensley, J., The Zero People: Essays on Life, Servant Publications (Mar. 1983), 8.

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Scientific Source #133 – Book

“At the moment the sperm cell of the human male meets the ovum of the female and the union results in a fertilized ovum (zygote), a new life has begun.” 133 133 Considine, D. (ed.), Van Nostrand’s Scientific Encyclopedia, 5th edition, New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, 1976, 943.

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Scientific Source #108 – Book

“Chapter 7. Fertilization: Beginning a new organism.” 108 108 Gilbert, S.F., Developmental Biology, 6th Edition, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK9983.

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Additional Source #21 – Book

“A baby begins life as a single cell, smaller than the period at the end of this sentence, and would be only barely visible to the naked eye. This cell is created by the union of two parent cells: the female egg cell or ovum, and the male sperm cell.”21 21Sumner, W. Abortion and Moral…

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Additional Source #20 – Book

“A human fetus is not a nonhuman animal; it is a stage of human being.”20 20Sumner, W. Abortion and Moral Theory, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1981, p. 10.

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Additional Source #19 – Book

“FERTILIZATION: What new process is begun at conception? It is life itself. It is a process involving manifold processes: the manifold acts and reactions of a new human life.”19 19Connolly, W. M., One Life: How the U.S. Supreme Court Deliberately Distorted the History, Science and Law of Abortion, Xlibris, 2002, p. 227.

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Additional Source #18 – Book

“[An] embryo [is t]he early developing fertilized egg that is growing into another individual of the species. In man the term “embryo” is usually restricted to the period of development from fertilization until the end of the eighth week of pregnancy”18 18Walters, W. & Singer, P. [Eds.], Test-Tube Babies, Melbourne: Oxford University Press, 1982, p.…

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Additional Source #16 – Book

“When one of the father’s sperm cells, like the ones gathered here around the egg, succeeds in penetrating the egg and becomes united with it, a new life can begin.”16 16Flanagan, G.L., Beginning Life, New York: DK Publishing, 1996, p. 13.

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Pro-Choice Source #11 – Book

“[T]here is no doubt that from the first moments of its existence an embryo conceived from human sperm and eggs is a human being.”11 11Singer, P., Practical Ethics, 2nd ed., Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993, p. 85-86.

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Pro-Choice Source #12 – Book

“Abortion, which means deliberately killing a developing human embryo”12 12Dworkin, R., Life’s Dominion: An Argument about Abortion, Euthanasia, and Individual Freedom, Vintage Books, 1994.

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